OPERATORS IN PYTHON

Operators are used to manipulate the values of the operands. Python supports the following types of operators. They are -

1. Arithmetic Operators - These operators are used to perform the mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and so on.

Operators	Meaning
+	Add two operands (or) unary plus
-	Subtract right operand from the left (or) unary minus
*	Multiply two operands
/	Divide left operand by right one (result float)
%	Modulus-remainder of the division of left operand by right
//	Floor division- division that results into whole number adjusted to the left in number line.
**	Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right.

Example 1 -

x=15

y=4

print('x+y= ',x+y)

print('x-y= ',x-y)

print('x*y= ',x*y)

print('x/y= ',x/y)

print('x//y= ',x//y)

print('x**y= ',x**y)

Output -

('x+y= ', 19)

('x-y= ', 11)

('x*y= ', 60)

('x/y= ', 3)

('x//y= ', 3)

('x**y= ', 50625)

Example 2 -

x=15.0

y=4

print 'x/y = ',x/y

print 'x//y = ',x//y 

Output -

x/y =  3.75

x//y =  3.0

Example 3 -

x='rakesh'

y=4

print 'x*y = ',x*y

print 'y*x = ',y*x

Output -

x*y =  rakeshrakeshrakeshrakesh

y*x =  rakeshrakeshrakeshrakesh

2. Comparison / Relational Operators - Comparison operators are used to compare the values. Comparison operators returns either True/False

Operators	Meaning
>	Greater than - True if left operator is greater than right one
<	Less than - True if left operand is less than right one
==	Equal to - True if both operands are equal.
!=	Not equal to - True if both not equal
>=	Greater than (or) equal to - True if left operand is greater than or equal to right.
<=	Less than (or) equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to right

Example 1 -

x=10

y=12

print 'x>y is ',x>y

print 'x<y is ',x<y

print 'x==y is ',x==y

print 'x!=y is ',x!=y

print 'x>=y is ',x>=y

print 'x<=y is ',x<=y

Output -

x>y is  False

x<y is  True

x==y is  False

x!=y is  True

x>=y is  False

x<=y is  True

Example 2 -

x='Rakesh'

y='Rakesh'

print 'x>y is ',x>y

print 'x<y is ',x<y

print 'x==y is ',x==y

print 'x!=y is ',x!=y

print 'x>=y is ',x>=y

print 'x<=y is ',x<=y

Output -

x>y is  False

x<y is  False

x==y is  True

x!=y is  False

x>=y is  True

x<=y is  True

3. Logical Operators - They are used to perform the logical operation like and, or, not. Logical operators returns either True/False values.

Operators	Meaning
and	True if both the operand are True
or	True if either of the operand is True
not	True if operand is false (complements the operand)

Example 1 -

x=True

y=False

print 'x and y is ',x and y

print 'x or y is ',x or y

print 'not x is ',not x

Output -

x and y is  False

x or y is  True

not x is  False

4. Bit-wise Operator - These operators are used to perform the operations on the values based on the bits.

Operators	Meaning
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
~	Bitwise NOT
^	Bitwise XOR
>>	Bitwise Right-shift
<<	Bitwise Left-shift

Example 1 -

x=10

y=4

print 'x&y : ',x&y

print 'x|y : ',x|y

print '~x : ',~x

print 'x^y : ',x^y

print 'x>>y : ',x>>y

print 'x<<y : ',x<<y

Output -

x&y :  0

x|y :  14

~x :  -11

x^y :  14

x>>y :  0

x<<y :  160

Note : Bitwise operators internally converts the operands values in the form of binary format and performs the operation and gives the results in the form of decimal format.

5. Assignment Operators - It is used to assign the values to the variables. It contains both bitwise and arithmetic operators.

Operators	Example	Equivalent to
=	x=5	x=5
+=	x+=5	x=x+5
-=	x-=5	x=x-5
*=	x*=5	x=x*5
/=	x/=5	x=x/5
%=	x%=5	x=x%5
//=	x//=5	x=x//5
**=	x**=5	x=x**5
&=	x&=5	x=x&5
|=	x|=5	x=x|5
^=	x^=5	x=x^5
>>=	x>>=5	x=x>>5
<<=	x<<=5	x=x<<5

Example 1 -

x=10

print 'x=10 : ',x

x+=5

print 'x+=5 : ',x

x-=5

print 'x-=5 : ',x

x*=5

print 'x*=5 : ',x

x**=5

print 'x**=5 : ',x

x/=5

print 'x/=5 : ',x

x%=5

print 'x%=5 : ',x

x//=5

print 'x//=5 : ',x

y=20

y&=10

print 'y&=10 : ',y

y|=30

print 'y|=30 : ',y

y^=10

print 'y^=10 : ',y

y>>=3

print 'y>>=3 : ',y

y<<=3

print 'y<<=3 : ',y

Output -

x=10 :  10

x+=5 :  15

x-=5 :  10

x*=5 :  50

x**=5 :  312500000

x/=5 :  62500000

x%=5 :  0

x//=5 :  0

y&=10 :  0

y|=30 :  30

y^=10 :  20

y>>=3 :  2

y<<=3 :  16